The direct measurement of welfare levels in Slovene households
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Abstract
Savezni zavod za statistiku obavlja svakih pet godina anketu o potrošnji domaćinstava. U 1983. godini anketni obrazac (samo za Sloveniju) sadržao je i sledeća pitanja:
1. Sa kakvim mesečnim dohocima vaša porodica ne bi mogla više normalno živeti (uzimajući u obzir vaše sadašnje porodično stanje i zaposlenje)?
2. Ako vaši mesečni porodični dohoci nisu zadovoljavajući, navedite iznos za koliko dinara bi bilo potrebno da se povećaju. Ukoliko su vaši mesečni dohoci zadovoljavajući, ostavite polje prazno.
3. Kakvi rednovni mesečni porodični dohoci bi bili dovoljni za standard kakav želite?
Odgovori na ta tri pitanja daju subjektivne ocene o tri različita nivoa blagostanja.
U radu je obavljena ekonometrijska analiza tih triju odgovora, pri čemu je posebna pažnja posvećena analizi percepirane crte (granice) siromaštva - tj. odgovora na prvo pitanje. Pokazano je da percipirana granica siromaštva zavisi od aktuelnog dohotka domaćinstva i nekih drugih socioekonomskih karakteristika (kvalifikacija nosicoca domaćinstva, broj članova domaćinstva). Ti osnovni zaključci važe i za analizu željenog dohotka (tj. odgovora na treće pitanje).
Odgovori na drugo pitanje su analizirani pomoću Tobit modela; i tu rezultati pokazuju da potrebni (percipirani) inkrement dohotka do dostizanja zadovoljavajućeg dohotka zavisi od aktuelnog dohotka domaćinstva i (u manjoj meri) od socioekonomskih karakteristika domaćinstva.
Analiza dohodovnih elastičnosti crte siromaštva i crne željenog dohotka daju izvesne indikacije o prisustvu egalitarnog sindroma odnosno suženim aspiracijama domaćinstava Slovenije.
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