Adopting Adult Education for Fulfilment of the Right of Women to Education in Nigeria
Article Sidebar
Published
Jul 2, 2021
Main Article Content
Abstract
The importance of education and the need for women’s education, in particular, is advocated worldwide. However, there are still impediments to the realisation of women’s right to education in Nigeria. It is through education that women acquire the desire and nature for the attainment of values, competence, skills, attitudes and knowledge. This paper highlights the need for serious consideration to be afforded to adult education generally in addition to adult literacy specifically in a bid to aid women in achieving their right to education. As such, the concept of adult and non-formal education being a basis aimed at the abolition of illiteracy amidst women in Nigeria was discussed.
Article Details
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[1] ASPBAE. 2006. Resourcing for quality: Adult literacy learning. Journal of Adult Education Development:
[2] Ban, K. 2010. World Literacy Day. Empowering women through literacy empowers us All. Fortune World News 8.
[3] Borode 2002 Rudiments of Adult Education. Ado-Ekiti; Green Line Publishers
[4] Chijioke, N. 2010. Adult education in Nigeria. Retrieved from caponic.blogspot.com/2010/08/adult-education-in-nigeria.html.
[5] Rovenská, Denisa. 2020, “Handling Injustice - Are Women Too Sensitive?” Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education JWEE (2020, No. 3-4, 3-22) https://scindeks.ceon.rs/journaldetails.aspx?issn=2217-9739&lang=en
[6] CEDAW. 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Adopted 18th Dec 1989, entered into force 3rd Sept 1981. G.A Res 34/180, 34 UN GAOR supp No 46 UN DOC A/34/46, reprinted in 19 ILM 331980
[7] Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Policy on Education 4th Ed. Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council Press. 2004.
[8] Germaine, B. 1985. “Jobs for Women” UNESCO, Switzerland.
[9] Hamburg Declaration on Adult Learning and Agenda for the Future adopted at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education convened by UNESCO and held at Hamburg Germany from 14 to 18 July 1997.
[10] Hammond, D and Jablav, A. 1992. The Africa that never was, Prospect Heights, Woveland Press
[11] Harry, C. I. and Kasi G. 2012 Adult and Non-Formal Education as an Instrument for Eradication of Poverty and Illiteracy. African Journal of Historical Sciences in Education 8, 1
[12] Indabawa, S.A. 1992. Themes in Adult and Non-Formal Education. Lagos: Text and Leisure Publishers Ltd
[13] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICESCR, Dec 16 1966, UNTS 993, p3 entered into force Jan 3, 1976.
[14] Jeffries, C. 1967. Literacy: A World Problem. Pall Mall Press Limited, London.
[15] Klaus D.B. 2005. The Protection of the Right to Education by International Law. Martinus Nyhoff Publishers.
[16] Machel, G. 2002. Conflicts Fuels HIV/AIDS Crisis. retrieved from http//www//psnews.net.
[17] McGivney, V. and Frances, M. 1991. Adult Education in Development: Methods and Approaches from Changing Societies. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. United Kingdom.
[18] Mirjana Radovic Marković, Radmila Grozdanić, Goran Kvgić, Dušan Marković and Slađana Vujičić. 2012 New educational strategies versus the traditional methods p International Review (2012 No.1-2)
[19] Mutanyatta, J.N.S. 2004. Challenges of Adult Education for the 21st Century in Tanzania. Journal of Adult Education Tanzania 12
[20] Nyerere J.K. 1967. Socialism and Rural Development. Government Printers, Dar-es Salaam.
[21] Nzeneri, I.S. 2002. Meaning and Scope of Adult and Non-Formal education. In J. M. Kosemani Ed Introduction to education. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press
[22] Ojobor J. A. 2008. Education; A Catalyst for Women Empowerment. Ethiope. Journal Education and Science, 41
[23] Oxfam, UK. 1999. Education in Conflict. Retrieved from www.OxfamUK/policy,gender.
[24] Pierette, P. 1985. Equality of Educational Opportunity for Girls and Women. UNESCO, Switzerland.
[25] Oyitso, M and Olomukoro C. O. 2012 Enhancing Women’s Development through Literacy Education in Nigeria. Review of European Studies. Canadian Center of Science and Education. 4, 4:
[26] Review of European Studies Vol. 4, No. 4; 2012 p.70 retrieved from www.ccsenet.org/res.
[27] Rogers, A. 1992. Development and Adult Education in Adult learning and Development London Cassell Education Ltd.
[28] Shaheed F. 1995. Networking for change the role of women’s groups in initiating dialogue on women’s issues” in Afkhami Eds Faith and Freedom: women’s human rights in the Muslim world, I.B Taurus & Co London and New York
[29] The Jomtien World Conference on Education for All 1990. Meeting Basic Needs. Jomtien, Thailand 5-9 March 1990. New York: UNDP. UNESCO, UNICEF and WORLD BANK.
[30] The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa APPRRW 2003
[31] The Recommendation on the Development of Adult Education 1976 adopted by the UNESCO General Assembly 19th Session holding in Nairobi Kenya on the 26th of November 1976.
[32] Tomasevski. K. 2001 Human Rights Obligations: making education available, accessible, acceptable, and adaptable. Right to Education Primers No 3; Novum Grafiska AB Gothenburg
[33] Tomaševski, K. 2006. Human Rights Obligations in Education: The 4-A Scheme, Wolf Legal Publishers, Nijmegen.
[34] UN 1999. Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights CESCR, General Comment No 13, The Right to Education Art 13 of the Covenant 8 December 1999, E/C. 12/1999/10, note 2 at para1 from htttp://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838.html.
[35] UN Doc E/CN.41/1999/9, chapter II.
[36] UNESCO. 1976 Recommendation on the Development of Adult Education.
[37] UNESCO: The State of education in Nigeria, Lagos: UNESCO office, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Financing Education-Investments and Returns, Analysis of the World Education Indicators, 2002 Edition: Executive Summary. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/uis/TEMPLATE/pdf/WEI_ExecSummary_Eng.pdf
[38] UNESCO. Final Report; Third International Conference on Adult Education Paris, UNESCO 1972.
[39] UNESCO. Convention against Discrimination in Education 1960, UNTS 429, P.93. Entered into force on January 3, 1976,
[40] UNICEF. 1993: Reaching the Unreached. New York, UNICEF, Biography
[41] Universal Declaration of Human Rights G.A. Res 217, UNGAOR 3rd Session. Supp. No 127 at 71 UN Doc A/80 1948
[42] UNSD Gender Statistics. 2010 Developing Gender Statistics: a practical tool United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank Institute.
[2] Ban, K. 2010. World Literacy Day. Empowering women through literacy empowers us All. Fortune World News 8.
[3] Borode 2002 Rudiments of Adult Education. Ado-Ekiti; Green Line Publishers
[4] Chijioke, N. 2010. Adult education in Nigeria. Retrieved from caponic.blogspot.com/2010/08/adult-education-in-nigeria.html.
[5] Rovenská, Denisa. 2020, “Handling Injustice - Are Women Too Sensitive?” Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education JWEE (2020, No. 3-4, 3-22) https://scindeks.ceon.rs/journaldetails.aspx?issn=2217-9739&lang=en
[6] CEDAW. 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Adopted 18th Dec 1989, entered into force 3rd Sept 1981. G.A Res 34/180, 34 UN GAOR supp No 46 UN DOC A/34/46, reprinted in 19 ILM 331980
[7] Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Policy on Education 4th Ed. Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council Press. 2004.
[8] Germaine, B. 1985. “Jobs for Women” UNESCO, Switzerland.
[9] Hamburg Declaration on Adult Learning and Agenda for the Future adopted at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education convened by UNESCO and held at Hamburg Germany from 14 to 18 July 1997.
[10] Hammond, D and Jablav, A. 1992. The Africa that never was, Prospect Heights, Woveland Press
[11] Harry, C. I. and Kasi G. 2012 Adult and Non-Formal Education as an Instrument for Eradication of Poverty and Illiteracy. African Journal of Historical Sciences in Education 8, 1
[12] Indabawa, S.A. 1992. Themes in Adult and Non-Formal Education. Lagos: Text and Leisure Publishers Ltd
[13] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICESCR, Dec 16 1966, UNTS 993, p3 entered into force Jan 3, 1976.
[14] Jeffries, C. 1967. Literacy: A World Problem. Pall Mall Press Limited, London.
[15] Klaus D.B. 2005. The Protection of the Right to Education by International Law. Martinus Nyhoff Publishers.
[16] Machel, G. 2002. Conflicts Fuels HIV/AIDS Crisis. retrieved from http//www//psnews.net.
[17] McGivney, V. and Frances, M. 1991. Adult Education in Development: Methods and Approaches from Changing Societies. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. United Kingdom.
[18] Mirjana Radovic Marković, Radmila Grozdanić, Goran Kvgić, Dušan Marković and Slađana Vujičić. 2012 New educational strategies versus the traditional methods p International Review (2012 No.1-2)
[19] Mutanyatta, J.N.S. 2004. Challenges of Adult Education for the 21st Century in Tanzania. Journal of Adult Education Tanzania 12
[20] Nyerere J.K. 1967. Socialism and Rural Development. Government Printers, Dar-es Salaam.
[21] Nzeneri, I.S. 2002. Meaning and Scope of Adult and Non-Formal education. In J. M. Kosemani Ed Introduction to education. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press
[22] Ojobor J. A. 2008. Education; A Catalyst for Women Empowerment. Ethiope. Journal Education and Science, 41
[23] Oxfam, UK. 1999. Education in Conflict. Retrieved from www.OxfamUK/policy,gender.
[24] Pierette, P. 1985. Equality of Educational Opportunity for Girls and Women. UNESCO, Switzerland.
[25] Oyitso, M and Olomukoro C. O. 2012 Enhancing Women’s Development through Literacy Education in Nigeria. Review of European Studies. Canadian Center of Science and Education. 4, 4:
[26] Review of European Studies Vol. 4, No. 4; 2012 p.70 retrieved from www.ccsenet.org/res.
[27] Rogers, A. 1992. Development and Adult Education in Adult learning and Development London Cassell Education Ltd.
[28] Shaheed F. 1995. Networking for change the role of women’s groups in initiating dialogue on women’s issues” in Afkhami Eds Faith and Freedom: women’s human rights in the Muslim world, I.B Taurus & Co London and New York
[29] The Jomtien World Conference on Education for All 1990. Meeting Basic Needs. Jomtien, Thailand 5-9 March 1990. New York: UNDP. UNESCO, UNICEF and WORLD BANK.
[30] The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa APPRRW 2003
[31] The Recommendation on the Development of Adult Education 1976 adopted by the UNESCO General Assembly 19th Session holding in Nairobi Kenya on the 26th of November 1976.
[32] Tomasevski. K. 2001 Human Rights Obligations: making education available, accessible, acceptable, and adaptable. Right to Education Primers No 3; Novum Grafiska AB Gothenburg
[33] Tomaševski, K. 2006. Human Rights Obligations in Education: The 4-A Scheme, Wolf Legal Publishers, Nijmegen.
[34] UN 1999. Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights CESCR, General Comment No 13, The Right to Education Art 13 of the Covenant 8 December 1999, E/C. 12/1999/10, note 2 at para1 from htttp://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838.html.
[35] UN Doc E/CN.41/1999/9, chapter II.
[36] UNESCO. 1976 Recommendation on the Development of Adult Education.
[37] UNESCO: The State of education in Nigeria, Lagos: UNESCO office, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Financing Education-Investments and Returns, Analysis of the World Education Indicators, 2002 Edition: Executive Summary. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/uis/TEMPLATE/pdf/WEI_ExecSummary_Eng.pdf
[38] UNESCO. Final Report; Third International Conference on Adult Education Paris, UNESCO 1972.
[39] UNESCO. Convention against Discrimination in Education 1960, UNTS 429, P.93. Entered into force on January 3, 1976,
[40] UNICEF. 1993: Reaching the Unreached. New York, UNICEF, Biography
[41] Universal Declaration of Human Rights G.A. Res 217, UNGAOR 3rd Session. Supp. No 127 at 71 UN Doc A/80 1948
[42] UNSD Gender Statistics. 2010 Developing Gender Statistics: a practical tool United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank Institute.