A Qualitative Approach to the Success of Iranian Women Entrepreneurs The Success of Iranian Women Entrepreneurs
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Jun 8, 2023
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the success of women entrepreneurs. The study is descriptive qualitative, with an inductive approach. The statistical population of the study included women entrepreneurs in Iran, and the research sample was drawn from a pool of 11 people using the purposive sampling method. The interview tool was used to collect the qualitative data, and the thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the interview data. The primary research question was identified using the thematic analysis technique, and seven major themes were identified as factors affecting the success of female entrepreneurs. The results of data analysis showed that seven factors affecting the success of women entrepreneurs in Iran’s country are strategic thinking, social capital, ethical characteristics, personality traits, brand management, comprehensive quality, and human resource management procedures.
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References
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[28] Moletta, Juliana, Gustavo Dambiski Gomes de Carvalho, do Nascimento Revenli Fernanda, Bertiene Maria Lack Arboza, Luis Mauricio Resende and Joseane Pontes. 2023. “Business networks of women entrepreneurs: an analysis of the expectation and reality of factors that affect trust in a business network.” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 34(3): 1021-1036.
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[30] Panda, Swati. 2018. “Constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: review and ranking.” Gender in Management: An International Journal, 33: 315–31.
[31] Radovic Markovic, Mirjana, Aidin Salamzadeh and Mustafa Razavi. 2013. “Women in business and leadership: critiques and discussions.” In The Second International Scientific Conference on Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship, Belgrade, Serbia (pp. 19-31).
[32] Radovic Markovic, Mirjana, Aidin Salamzadeh and Hiroko Kawamorita Kesim. 2016, June. “Barriers to the advancement of women into leadership positions: A Cross National Study.” In Prepared for the International Scientific Conference on Leadership and Organization Development, Kiten, Bulgaria (pp. 287-294).
[33] Rahim, Iklima Husna Abdul, Noor Fzlinda Fabeil and Toh Pei Sung. 2017. “Motivator and challenges of women entrepreneurs.” Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, 1(3): 115.
[34] Rajabipoor Meybodi, Alireza, Elahe Hosseini, Ali Abdi Jamayran and Zahra Amiri. 2018. “The Impact of Entrepreneurial Behavior on the Competitiveness of Small Tourism Businesses (Case Study: Shiraz).” Applied Studies in Management and Development Sciences, 3(2): 59-68.
[35] Radović-Marković, Mirjana. 2013. “Female entrepreneurship: Theoretical approaches.” Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2): 1-9.
[36] Raimi, Lukman, Mirela Panait, Iza Gigauri and Simona Andreea Apostu. 2023. “Thematic Review of Motivational Factors, Types of Uncertainty, and Entrepreneurship Strategies of Transitional Entrepreneurship among Ethnic Minorities, Immigrants, and Women Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(2): 83.
[37] Rekarti, Endi, Zakaria Bahari, Normaisarah Zahari, Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina and Nor Asariah Ilias. 2019. “The Sustainability of Muslim Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study in Malaysia.” International Journal of Financial Research, 10(5): 430-439.
[38] Rezaei, Shahamak, Leo-Paul Dana and Veland Ramadani. (Eds.). 2017. “Iranian entrepreneurship: Deciphering the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran and in the Iranian diaspora.” Springer.
[39] Ribes-Giner, Gabriela, Ismael Moya-Clemente, Roberto Cervelló-Royo, and María Rosario Perello-Marin. 2018. “Domestic economic and social conditions empowering female entrepreneurship.” Journal of Business Research, 89, 182-189.
[40] Salamzadeh, Aidin, and Veland Ramadani. 2021. “Entrepreneurial ecosystem and female digital entrepreneurship–Lessons to learn from an Iranian case study.” In the Emerald handbook of women and entrepreneurship in developing economies (pp. 317-334). Emerald Publishing Limited.
[41] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Zahra Arasti and Ghanbar Mohamadi Elyasi. 2017. “Creation of ICT-based social start-ups in Iran: A multiple case study.” Journal of enterprising culture, 25(01): 97-122.
[42] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Mirjana Radović-Marković and Boufeldja Ghiat. 2022. “Women Entrepreneurs in Algeria.” Women Entrepreneurs in North Africa: Historical Frameworks, Ecosystems and New Perspectives for the Region, 87-102.
[43] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Aliakbar Farjadian, Mahdi Amirabadi and Meisam Modarresi. 2014. “Entrepreneurial characteristics: insights from undergraduate students in Iran.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 21(2): 165-182.
[44] Salamzadeh, Aidin and Hiroko Kawamorita Kesim. 2017. “The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran.” Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(4): 456-479.
[45] Salamzadeh, Aidin. 2018. “Start-up boom in an emerging market: A niche market approach (pp. 233-243).” Springer International Publishing.
[46] Soleimanpour, Mohammad Reza, Shadali Tohidlu, Reza Bakhtiari and Varamin-Pishva Branch. 2012. “Identification of educational barriers to the development of entrepreneurial spirit in Zanjan University Students.” Journal of American Science, 8(8): 507-511.
[47] Tajpour, Mehdi, Elahe Hosseini and Muhammad Mohiuddin. 2023. “Effects of Innovative Climate, Knowledge Sharing, and Communication on Sustainability of Digital Start-ups: Does Social Media Matter?.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 100053.
[48] Topimin, Salmah.2020. “Facilitating Women Entrepreneurs: A Challenge for Women’s Organisation.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, 2(1): 1-11.
[49] Ugwa, Magnus, Joseph Okonkwo Chukwudi and Daniel Onyema Igwegbe. 2019. “Influence of Culture on Women Entrepreneurship in Nigeria.” Forshen Hub International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 1(1): 1-12.
[50] Zarandi, Maryam .2012. “Key-Factor analysis of elements affecting women’s employment in small and medium enterprises (SME) among women living in Tehran.” Management Science Letters, 2(6): 2041-2048.
[2] Asgari, Omid. 2014. “A Strategic Approach for Developing a Conceptual Model for Achieving Country Wide Academic Entrepreneurship in Iran.” Journal of Distribution Science, 12(5): 93-107.
[3] Arora, Santosh. 2022. “Work Motivation and Women Entrepreneurship.” Astitva Prakashan.
[4] Aston, Jennifer and Paolo Di Martino. 2017. “Risk, success, and failure: female entrepreneurship in late Victorian and Edwardian England.” The Economic History Review, 70(3): 837-858.
[5] Baharudin, Mohamad Hanif, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Wan, Mohamad Salleh Sayuti, Mohammad Ikram Ramzi and Azim Izzuddin Muhammad. 2020. “Entrepreneurial competencies and business success among women entrepreneurs: Social capital as a moderating effect.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2): 431-438.
[6] Bouzari, Parisa, Aidin Salamzadeh, Maryam Soleimani and Pejman Ebrahimi. 2021. “Online social networks and women’s entrepreneurship: A comparative study between Iran and Hungary.” Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 61-75.
[7] Coleman, Susan, Colette Henry, Barbara Orser, Lene Foss and Friederike Welter. 2019. “Policy support for women entrepreneurs’ access to financial capital: Evidence from Canada, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the United States.” Journal of Small Business Management, 57, 296-322.
[8] Colman, Foundation .2014. "Entrepreneurship education." Available on: http://www.colemanfoundation. Org/what_we_ fund/entreprepreneurship/overview.html.
[9] Cowling, Marc and Mark Taylor. 2001. “Entrepreneurial women and men: two different species?.” Small Business Economics, 16(3): 167-175.
[10] Crittenden, Victoria, William Crittenden and Haya Ajjan. 2019. “Empowering women micro-entrepreneurs in emerging economies: The role of information communications technology.” Journal of Business Research, 98: 191-203.
[11] Davari, Ali, Aliakbar Hozhabri, Aliakbar Rohani, Mona Zehtabi, Ghasem Ramezanpoor Nargesi, Mohammad Ehsan Zehtabi and Taraneh Farrokhmanesh. 2014. “Measuring determinants of entrepreneurship development in Iran.” In 8th International Conference on e-Commerce in Developing Countries: With Focus on e-Trust (pp. 1-10). IEEE.
[12] Dabson, Brian. (2001). “Supporting rural entrepreneurship.” Exploring policy options for a new rural America, 35-48.
[13] Ge, Taoan, Jaffar Abbas, Reza Ullah, Azhar Abbas, Iqra Sadiq and Ruilian Zhang. 2022. “Women’s entrepreneurial contribution to family income: innovative technologies promote females’ entrepreneurship amid COVID-19 crisis.” Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
[14] Gomathy, Devaraj and Lija Aruna .2020. “Role of Leadership Skills in Success of Women Entrepreneurs of Chennai.” Studies in Indian Place Names, 40(58): 1-6.
[15] Gupta, Namrata, and Anita Mirchandani. 2018.” Investigating entrepreneurial success factors of women-owned SMEs in UAE.” Management Decision. 56(1): 219–232.
[16] Guerrero, Maribel, David Urbano and Aidin Salamzadeh. 2015. “Entrepreneurial transformation in the Middle East: experiences from Tehran Universities.” Technics Technologies Education Management, 10(4), 533-537.
[17] Hannington, Thabugha, Bateyo Asuman and Mary Baineamasanyu. 2022. “Savings and women involvement in business in Kasese District: A Case of Women Entrepreneurs in Hima Town Council.” IDOSR Journal of Current Issues in Social Sciences, 8(1): 38-44.
[18] Indrasari, Meithiana, Bambang Raditya Purnomo, Eddy Yunus, Nur Syamsudin and Ida Ayu Nuh Kartini. 2018. “Phenomenological Study: Determinants of Success of Women Entrepreneurs in Surabaya.” In International Conference of Communication Science Research (ICCSR 2018) (pp. 410-414). Atlantis Press.
[19] Jagtap, Sadashiv. 2020. “Entrepreneurial skills of Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Areas.” Studies in Indian Place Names, 40(38): 85-93.
[20] Kan, Viktoriya and Boidurjo Rick Mukhopadhyay. 2022. “The role of migration in women entrepreneurship and empowerment: Evidence from Nigeria.” Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 187-212.
[21] Kantor, Paula. 2001. “Promoting women's entrepreneurship development based on good practice programmes: Some experiences from the North to the South (No. 993457023402676).” International Labour Organization.
[22] Kvale, Steinar. 1996. “Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing.” Thousand Oaks: Sage.
[23] Lashgarara, Farhad, Nsim Roshani and Maryam Omidi Najafabadi. 2011. “Influencing factors on entrepreneurial skills of rural women in Ilam City, Iran.” African Journal of Business Management, 5(14): 5536.
[24] Longoria, Claudia. 2018. “Women entrepreneurship in developing, developed and transitional economies–differences and similarities.” Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4): 73-82.
[25] Maden, Ceyda. 2015. “A gendered lens on entrepreneurship: Women entrepreneurship in Turkey.” Gender in Management: An International Journal, 30(4): 312-331.
[26] Mirghofouri, Seyyed Habibollah, Hossein Sayadi Turanlu and Mohsen Taheri Demneh. 2009. " Investigating the barriers of women's entrepreneurship in Iran Society (Case: the women entrepreneurs of Yazd province).” Journal of Transformation Management, 1(2): 47-64.
[27] Movahedi, Reza and Ali Yaghoubiafrani. 2017. “Analysis of factors affecting rural women's entrepreneurship.” Social Psychological Studies of Women, 12(4): 7-42.
[28] Moletta, Juliana, Gustavo Dambiski Gomes de Carvalho, do Nascimento Revenli Fernanda, Bertiene Maria Lack Arboza, Luis Mauricio Resende and Joseane Pontes. 2023. “Business networks of women entrepreneurs: an analysis of the expectation and reality of factors that affect trust in a business network.” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 34(3): 1021-1036.
[29] Neumeyer, Xaver, Susana Santos, António Caetano and Pamela Kalbfleisch. 2019. “Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: A social capital and network approach,” Small Business Economics, 53: 475-489.
[30] Panda, Swati. 2018. “Constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: review and ranking.” Gender in Management: An International Journal, 33: 315–31.
[31] Radovic Markovic, Mirjana, Aidin Salamzadeh and Mustafa Razavi. 2013. “Women in business and leadership: critiques and discussions.” In The Second International Scientific Conference on Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship, Belgrade, Serbia (pp. 19-31).
[32] Radovic Markovic, Mirjana, Aidin Salamzadeh and Hiroko Kawamorita Kesim. 2016, June. “Barriers to the advancement of women into leadership positions: A Cross National Study.” In Prepared for the International Scientific Conference on Leadership and Organization Development, Kiten, Bulgaria (pp. 287-294).
[33] Rahim, Iklima Husna Abdul, Noor Fzlinda Fabeil and Toh Pei Sung. 2017. “Motivator and challenges of women entrepreneurs.” Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, 1(3): 115.
[34] Rajabipoor Meybodi, Alireza, Elahe Hosseini, Ali Abdi Jamayran and Zahra Amiri. 2018. “The Impact of Entrepreneurial Behavior on the Competitiveness of Small Tourism Businesses (Case Study: Shiraz).” Applied Studies in Management and Development Sciences, 3(2): 59-68.
[35] Radović-Marković, Mirjana. 2013. “Female entrepreneurship: Theoretical approaches.” Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2): 1-9.
[36] Raimi, Lukman, Mirela Panait, Iza Gigauri and Simona Andreea Apostu. 2023. “Thematic Review of Motivational Factors, Types of Uncertainty, and Entrepreneurship Strategies of Transitional Entrepreneurship among Ethnic Minorities, Immigrants, and Women Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(2): 83.
[37] Rekarti, Endi, Zakaria Bahari, Normaisarah Zahari, Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina and Nor Asariah Ilias. 2019. “The Sustainability of Muslim Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study in Malaysia.” International Journal of Financial Research, 10(5): 430-439.
[38] Rezaei, Shahamak, Leo-Paul Dana and Veland Ramadani. (Eds.). 2017. “Iranian entrepreneurship: Deciphering the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran and in the Iranian diaspora.” Springer.
[39] Ribes-Giner, Gabriela, Ismael Moya-Clemente, Roberto Cervelló-Royo, and María Rosario Perello-Marin. 2018. “Domestic economic and social conditions empowering female entrepreneurship.” Journal of Business Research, 89, 182-189.
[40] Salamzadeh, Aidin, and Veland Ramadani. 2021. “Entrepreneurial ecosystem and female digital entrepreneurship–Lessons to learn from an Iranian case study.” In the Emerald handbook of women and entrepreneurship in developing economies (pp. 317-334). Emerald Publishing Limited.
[41] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Zahra Arasti and Ghanbar Mohamadi Elyasi. 2017. “Creation of ICT-based social start-ups in Iran: A multiple case study.” Journal of enterprising culture, 25(01): 97-122.
[42] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Mirjana Radović-Marković and Boufeldja Ghiat. 2022. “Women Entrepreneurs in Algeria.” Women Entrepreneurs in North Africa: Historical Frameworks, Ecosystems and New Perspectives for the Region, 87-102.
[43] Salamzadeh, Aidin, Aliakbar Farjadian, Mahdi Amirabadi and Meisam Modarresi. 2014. “Entrepreneurial characteristics: insights from undergraduate students in Iran.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 21(2): 165-182.
[44] Salamzadeh, Aidin and Hiroko Kawamorita Kesim. 2017. “The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran.” Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(4): 456-479.
[45] Salamzadeh, Aidin. 2018. “Start-up boom in an emerging market: A niche market approach (pp. 233-243).” Springer International Publishing.
[46] Soleimanpour, Mohammad Reza, Shadali Tohidlu, Reza Bakhtiari and Varamin-Pishva Branch. 2012. “Identification of educational barriers to the development of entrepreneurial spirit in Zanjan University Students.” Journal of American Science, 8(8): 507-511.
[47] Tajpour, Mehdi, Elahe Hosseini and Muhammad Mohiuddin. 2023. “Effects of Innovative Climate, Knowledge Sharing, and Communication on Sustainability of Digital Start-ups: Does Social Media Matter?.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 100053.
[48] Topimin, Salmah.2020. “Facilitating Women Entrepreneurs: A Challenge for Women’s Organisation.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, 2(1): 1-11.
[49] Ugwa, Magnus, Joseph Okonkwo Chukwudi and Daniel Onyema Igwegbe. 2019. “Influence of Culture on Women Entrepreneurship in Nigeria.” Forshen Hub International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 1(1): 1-12.
[50] Zarandi, Maryam .2012. “Key-Factor analysis of elements affecting women’s employment in small and medium enterprises (SME) among women living in Tehran.” Management Science Letters, 2(6): 2041-2048.