The Effect of Science & Technology Park, Market Segregation and Commercialization Support on Female Entrepreneurship in Pakistan A Moderating Role of Economic Climate
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Jan 30, 2024
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Abstract
Female students have few opportunities and training to develop their entrepreneurial careers in developing economies. The existing literature also provides little discussion of linking women’s entrepreneurial intention with their entrepreneurial careers. The researchers addressed the gaps in the literature by empirically confirming the impact of science and technology parks, market segregation, and commercialization support on female students’ entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The study also tested the moderating role of the economic climate on the relationship between science and technology parks, market segregation, commercialization support, and female students’ entrepreneurship. We used a survey-based data collection approach, and a Likert scale questionnaire was administered. The study used data collected from 247 female students registered in business incubators. The research findings are new in the literature and confirm the science & technology park, market segregation and commercialization support are significant antecedents that influence the entrepreneurial intention of female students in Pakistan. The impact of female students’ entrepreneurial intention is positive on their entrepreneurship careers. Meanwhile, the economic climate is established as a negative moderator between female students’ entrepreneurial intention and their entrepreneurial careers in Pakistan. We recommend that policymakers develop the science & technology park, market segregation and commercialization support for female students to grow their entrepreneurial careers.
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[13] Boholm, Å., & Corvellec, H. (2011). A relational theory of risk. Journal of risk research, 14(2), 175-190.
[14] Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women entrepreneurship: A systematic review to outline the boundaries of scientific literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1557.
[15] Chen, H. S., Mitchell, R. K., Brigham, K. H., Howell, R., & Steinbauer, R. (2018). Perceived psychological distance, construal processes, and abstractness of entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business venturing, 33(3), 296-314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.01.001
[16] Churchill, B., & Craig, L. (2019). Gender in the gig economy: Men and women using digital platforms to secure work in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 55(4), 741-761.
[17] Cohen, I., Huang, Y., Chen, J., Benesty, J., Benesty, J., Chen, J., . . . Cohen, I. (2009). Pearson correlation coefficient. Noise reduction in speech processing, 1-4.
[18] Daneshjoovash, S. K., Jafari, P., & Khamseh, A. (2021). Effective commercialization of high-technology entrepreneurial ideas: a meta-synthetic exploration of the literature. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 33(6), 663-688.
[19] Drakpa, D., Loday, S., & Yangchen, K. (2022). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of the Female Students of Business Colleges of Bhutan: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 170-186.
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[21] Duval-Couetil, N., Ladisch, M., & Yi, S. (2021). Addressing academic researcher priorities through science and technology entrepreneurship education. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(2), 288-318.
[22] El Boury, M., & Qafas, A. (2022). Improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem through education: The influence of entrepreneurship education on students’ entrepreneurial intention in Morocco–A quantitative survey. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 3(4), 303-313.
[23] Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458.
[24] Fasi, M. A. (2022). An Overview on patenting trends and technology commercialization practices in the university Technology Transfer Offices in USA and China. World Patent Information, 68, 102097.
[25] Galindo-Martín, M.-Á., Castaño-Martínez, M.-S., & Méndez-Picazo, M.-T. (2021). Effects of the pandemic crisis on entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Journal of Business Research, 137, 345-353.
[26] García-Holgado, A., Díaz, A. C., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2019). Engaging women into STEM in Latin America: W-STEM project. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality,
[27] Ge, T., Abbas, J., Ullah, R., Abbas, A., Sadiq, I., & Zhang, R. (2022). Women’s entrepreneurial contribution to family income: innovative technologies promote females’ entrepreneurship amid COVID-19 crisis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 828040.
[28] Gu, W., Wang, J., Hua, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development: Based on the triple bottom line of sustainable development. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 17, 1-27.
[29] Guerrero, M., Liñán, F., & Cáceres-Carrasco, F. R. (2021). The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process: a comparison across developed and developing economies. Small Business Economics, 57(4), 1733-1759.
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