Determinants of Digital Technology Adoption Among Women Entrepreneurs
Article Sidebar
Published
Feb 12, 2024
Main Article Content
Abstract
Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government.
Article Details
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[1] Abbas, M. G., Wang, Z., Ullah, H., Mohsin, M., Abbas, H., & Mahmood, M. R. (2022). Do entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital influence SMEs’ growth? Evidence from Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(17), 25774–25789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17542-y
[2] Abed, S. S. (2021). Women entrepreneurs’ adoption of mobile applications for business sustainability. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111627
[3] Ahmed, A. D., & Wahid, A. N. M. (2011). Financial structure and economic growth link in African countries: A panel cointegration analysis. Journal of Economic Studies, 38(3), 331–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581111152436
[4] Anwar, M., Clauss, T., & Ullah, R. (2021). New Ventures Competitiveness and Success; Do Intellectual Capital, IT Capabilities, Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation Really Matter? Journal of Enterprising Culture, 29(04), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500187
[5] Antonijević, M., Ljumović, I., & Ivanović, D. (2022). Is there a Gender Gap in Financial Inclusion Worldwide? Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.12.pp79-96
[6] Asif, Z., & Lahiri, R. (2021). Dimensions of human capital and technological diffusion. Empirical Economics, 60(2), 941–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01777-3
[7] Awinia, C. S. (2023). Infrastructure Network Support and Leapfrogging Africa to Industry 4.0: The Case of Tanzania. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.196
[8] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Mengakses Internet menurut Jenis Kelamin (Persen), 2020-2022. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://bps.go.id/indicator/2/253/1/mengakses-internet-menurut-jenis-kelamin.html
[9] Chatterjee, S., Dutta Gupta, S., & Upadhyay, P. (2020). Technology adoption and entrepreneurial orientation for rural women: Evidence from India. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 160, 120236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120236
[10] Conti, M., & Sulis, G. (2016). Human capital, employment protection and growth in Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.01.007
[11] Danquah, M., & Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2017). Assessing the relationships between human capital, innovation and technology adoption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 122, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.021
[12] Do Rosário Cabrita, M., & Bontis, N. (2008). Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. International Journal of Technology Management, 43(1–3), 212–237. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.019416
[13] Elam, A. B., Baumer, B. S., & Schott, Thomas, Mahsa, Samsami, Amit Kumar Dwivedi, Rico J. Baldegger, Maribel Guerrero, Fatima Boutaleb, K. D. H. (2022). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Releases New Research Highlighting Women’S Entrepreneurship Trends Across the Globe. https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/womens-entrepreneurship
[14] Ganotakis, P., D’Angelo, A., & Konara, P. (2021). From latent to emergent entrepreneurship: The role of human capital in entrepreneurial founding teams and the effect of external knowledge spillovers for technology adoption. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120912
[15] Giotopoulos, I., Kontolaimou, A., Korra, E., & Tsakanikas, A. (2017). What drives ICT adoption by SMEs? Evidence from a large-scale survey in Greece. Journal of Business Research, 81, 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.007
[16] Gómez‑Valenzuela, V. (2022). Intellectual capital factors at work in Dominican firms: understanding their influence. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00205-8
[17] Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (Third Edit, Vol. 3, Issue 1). SAGE Publications, Inc.
[18] Hammad, R., & El Naggar, R. (2023). The Role of Digital Platforms in Women’s Entrepreneurial Opportunity Process: Does Online Social Capital Matter? Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 5357335, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5357335
[19] Han, M., Liu, R., Ma, H., Zhong, K., Wang, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). The Impact of Social Capital on Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt New Agricultural Technologies: Empirical Evidence from China. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091368
[20] Hendratmi, A., Agustina, T. S., Sukmaningrum, P. S., & Widayanti, M. A. (2022). Livelihood strategies of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(9), e10520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10520
[21] Henriques, C., & Viseu, C. (2022). How Efficient Is the Implementation of Structural Funds Committed to Enhancing ICT Adoption in SMEs? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030147
[22] Hunecke, C., Engler, A., Jara-Rojas, R., & Poortvliet, P. M. (2017). Understanding the role of social capital in adoption decisions: An application to irrigation technology. Agricultural Systems, 153, 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.02.002
[23] Jayeola, O., Sidek, S., Sanyal, S., Hasan, S. I., An, N. B., Mofoluwa Ajibade, S. S., & Phan, T. T. H. (2022). Government financial support and financial performance of SMEs: A dual sequential mediator approach. Heliyon, 8(11), e11351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11351
[24] Jevtić, B., Vucekovic, M., & Tasi, S. (2023). The Effects of Digitalization and Skills on Women’s Labor Market Inclusion- Serbian Gap Study. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, 58-75. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.pp58-75
[25] Kabir, M. S., Hou, X., Akther, R., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2012). Impact of Small Entrepreneurship on Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Rural Poor Women in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(3), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v4n3p265
[26] Khan, N. U., Anwar, M., Li, S., & Khattak, M. S. (2021). Intellectual capital, financial resources, and green supply chain management as predictors of financial and environmental performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 19755–19767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12243-4
[27] Kovaleva, Y., Hyrynsalmi, S., Saltan, A., Happonen, A., & Kasurinen, J. (2023). Becoming an entrepreneur: A study of factors with women from the tech sector. Information and Software Technology, 155, 107110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107110
[28] Kungwansupaphan, C., Kumar, J., & Leihaothabam, S. (2016). Gender in Management: An International Journal Capital factors and rural women entrepreneurship development: A perspective of Manipur state, India. An International Journal Gender in Management An International Journal Management An International Journal, 31(30), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2015-0031
[29] Lashitew, A. A. (2023). When businesses go digital: The role of CEO attributes in technology adoption and utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122324
[30] Lawa, K. O., & E-Vahdati, S. (2022). The role of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital toward technology innovation among SMEs in Kurdistan. Global Business Management Review (GBMR), 14(2), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2022.14.2.3
[31] Lee, B. C. (2015). The impact of social capital on tourism technology adoption for destination marketing. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(6), 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.861392
[32] Lestari, E. D., Hamid, N. A., Rizkalla, N., Purnamaningsih, P., & Urus, S. B. T. (2022). The Effect of Financial Literacy, Cost of Technology Adoption, Technology Perceived Usefulness, and Government Support on MSMEs’ Business Resilience. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review, 10(3), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.3(3)
[33] Martin, F. M., Ciovica, L., & Cristescu, M. P. (2013). Implication of Human Capital in the Development of SMEs through the ICT Adoption. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 748–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00198-6
[34] McAdam, M., Crowley, C., & Harrison, R. T. (2019). “To boldly go where no [man] has gone before” - Institutional voids and the development of women’s digital entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.051
[35] Olamide, A., & Ogbechie, R. (2021). Social capital and business performance: a study of female-owned SMEs in the Nigerian informal sector. Small Enterprise Research, 28(2), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.1901140
[36] Orser, B., Coleman, S., & Li, Y. (2020). Progress or pinkwashing: who benefits from digital women-focused capital funds? Small Business Economics, 55(2), 363–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00302-1
[37] Orser, B., Riding, A., & Li, Y. (2019). Technology adoption and gender-inclusive entrepreneurship education and training. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-02-2019-0026
[38] Pergelova, A., Manolova, T., Simeonova-Ganeva, R., & Yordanova, D. (2019). Democratizing Entrepreneurship? Digital Technologies and the Internationalization of Female-Led SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 14–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12494
[39] Phonthanukitithaworn, C., Srisathan, W. A., Ketkaew, C., & Naruetharadhol, P. (2023). Sustainable Development towards Openness SME Innovation: Taking Advantage of Intellectual Capital, Sustainable Initiatives, and Open Innovation. Sustainability, 15(3), 2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032126
[40] Ren, Z., Fu, Z., & Zhong, K. (2022). The influence of social capital on farmers’ green control technology adoption behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001442
[41] Roffia, P., & Mola, L. (2022). Is COVID-19 enough? Which underestimated conditions characterise the adoption of complex information infrastructures in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 144, 1249–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.083
[42] Santos, S. C., Liguori, E. W., & Garvey, E. (2023). How digitalization reinvented entrepreneurial resilience during COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122398
[43] Schiopu, I. (2015). Technology adoption, human capital formation and income differences. Journal of Macroeconomics, 45, 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2015.05.009
[44] Shamaki, H., Ibrahim, U. A., & Philemon, N. A. (2022). Evaluating the Influence of Digital Technology on the Performance of Female-Owned Enterprises in Nigeria. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.12.pp39-60
[45] Skare, M., & Blažević Burić, S. (2022). Technology adoption and human capital: exploring the gender and cross-country impact 1870–2010. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 34(10), 1170-1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1948988
[46] Stanković, S., Vujičić, S., & Radović-Marković, M. (2023). Using Structural Equation Modeling in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Internal and External Factors and Women Entrepreneurs’ Success. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.12.pp167-187
[47] Tamvada, J. P., Narula, S., Audretsch, D., Puppala, H., & Kumar, A. (2022). Adopting new technology is a distant dream? The risks of implementing Industry 4.0 in emerging economy SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 185, 122088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122088
[48] Ullah, H., Wang, Z., Mohsin, M., Jiang, W., & Abbas, H. (2022). Multidimensional perspective of green financial innovation between green intellectual capital on sustainable business: the case of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(4), 5552–5568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15919-7
[49] Zeleke, B. D., Geleto, A. K., Asefa, S., & Komicha, H. H. (2023). The role of social capital in addressing seed access constraints and adoption intensity: Evidence from Arsi Highland, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9(2), e13553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13553
[50] Zheng, Q., Gu, D., Liang, C., & Fang, Y. (2020). Impact of a firm’s physical and knowledge capital intensities on its selection of a cloud computing deployment model. Information and Management, 57(7), 103259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103259
[2] Abed, S. S. (2021). Women entrepreneurs’ adoption of mobile applications for business sustainability. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111627
[3] Ahmed, A. D., & Wahid, A. N. M. (2011). Financial structure and economic growth link in African countries: A panel cointegration analysis. Journal of Economic Studies, 38(3), 331–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581111152436
[4] Anwar, M., Clauss, T., & Ullah, R. (2021). New Ventures Competitiveness and Success; Do Intellectual Capital, IT Capabilities, Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation Really Matter? Journal of Enterprising Culture, 29(04), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500187
[5] Antonijević, M., Ljumović, I., & Ivanović, D. (2022). Is there a Gender Gap in Financial Inclusion Worldwide? Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.12.pp79-96
[6] Asif, Z., & Lahiri, R. (2021). Dimensions of human capital and technological diffusion. Empirical Economics, 60(2), 941–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01777-3
[7] Awinia, C. S. (2023). Infrastructure Network Support and Leapfrogging Africa to Industry 4.0: The Case of Tanzania. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.196
[8] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Mengakses Internet menurut Jenis Kelamin (Persen), 2020-2022. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://bps.go.id/indicator/2/253/1/mengakses-internet-menurut-jenis-kelamin.html
[9] Chatterjee, S., Dutta Gupta, S., & Upadhyay, P. (2020). Technology adoption and entrepreneurial orientation for rural women: Evidence from India. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 160, 120236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120236
[10] Conti, M., & Sulis, G. (2016). Human capital, employment protection and growth in Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.01.007
[11] Danquah, M., & Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2017). Assessing the relationships between human capital, innovation and technology adoption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 122, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.021
[12] Do Rosário Cabrita, M., & Bontis, N. (2008). Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. International Journal of Technology Management, 43(1–3), 212–237. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.019416
[13] Elam, A. B., Baumer, B. S., & Schott, Thomas, Mahsa, Samsami, Amit Kumar Dwivedi, Rico J. Baldegger, Maribel Guerrero, Fatima Boutaleb, K. D. H. (2022). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Releases New Research Highlighting Women’S Entrepreneurship Trends Across the Globe. https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/womens-entrepreneurship
[14] Ganotakis, P., D’Angelo, A., & Konara, P. (2021). From latent to emergent entrepreneurship: The role of human capital in entrepreneurial founding teams and the effect of external knowledge spillovers for technology adoption. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120912
[15] Giotopoulos, I., Kontolaimou, A., Korra, E., & Tsakanikas, A. (2017). What drives ICT adoption by SMEs? Evidence from a large-scale survey in Greece. Journal of Business Research, 81, 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.007
[16] Gómez‑Valenzuela, V. (2022). Intellectual capital factors at work in Dominican firms: understanding their influence. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00205-8
[17] Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (Third Edit, Vol. 3, Issue 1). SAGE Publications, Inc.
[18] Hammad, R., & El Naggar, R. (2023). The Role of Digital Platforms in Women’s Entrepreneurial Opportunity Process: Does Online Social Capital Matter? Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 5357335, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5357335
[19] Han, M., Liu, R., Ma, H., Zhong, K., Wang, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). The Impact of Social Capital on Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt New Agricultural Technologies: Empirical Evidence from China. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091368
[20] Hendratmi, A., Agustina, T. S., Sukmaningrum, P. S., & Widayanti, M. A. (2022). Livelihood strategies of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(9), e10520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10520
[21] Henriques, C., & Viseu, C. (2022). How Efficient Is the Implementation of Structural Funds Committed to Enhancing ICT Adoption in SMEs? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030147
[22] Hunecke, C., Engler, A., Jara-Rojas, R., & Poortvliet, P. M. (2017). Understanding the role of social capital in adoption decisions: An application to irrigation technology. Agricultural Systems, 153, 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.02.002
[23] Jayeola, O., Sidek, S., Sanyal, S., Hasan, S. I., An, N. B., Mofoluwa Ajibade, S. S., & Phan, T. T. H. (2022). Government financial support and financial performance of SMEs: A dual sequential mediator approach. Heliyon, 8(11), e11351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11351
[24] Jevtić, B., Vucekovic, M., & Tasi, S. (2023). The Effects of Digitalization and Skills on Women’s Labor Market Inclusion- Serbian Gap Study. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, 58-75. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.pp58-75
[25] Kabir, M. S., Hou, X., Akther, R., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2012). Impact of Small Entrepreneurship on Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Rural Poor Women in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(3), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v4n3p265
[26] Khan, N. U., Anwar, M., Li, S., & Khattak, M. S. (2021). Intellectual capital, financial resources, and green supply chain management as predictors of financial and environmental performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 19755–19767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12243-4
[27] Kovaleva, Y., Hyrynsalmi, S., Saltan, A., Happonen, A., & Kasurinen, J. (2023). Becoming an entrepreneur: A study of factors with women from the tech sector. Information and Software Technology, 155, 107110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107110
[28] Kungwansupaphan, C., Kumar, J., & Leihaothabam, S. (2016). Gender in Management: An International Journal Capital factors and rural women entrepreneurship development: A perspective of Manipur state, India. An International Journal Gender in Management An International Journal Management An International Journal, 31(30), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2015-0031
[29] Lashitew, A. A. (2023). When businesses go digital: The role of CEO attributes in technology adoption and utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122324
[30] Lawa, K. O., & E-Vahdati, S. (2022). The role of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital toward technology innovation among SMEs in Kurdistan. Global Business Management Review (GBMR), 14(2), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2022.14.2.3
[31] Lee, B. C. (2015). The impact of social capital on tourism technology adoption for destination marketing. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(6), 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.861392
[32] Lestari, E. D., Hamid, N. A., Rizkalla, N., Purnamaningsih, P., & Urus, S. B. T. (2022). The Effect of Financial Literacy, Cost of Technology Adoption, Technology Perceived Usefulness, and Government Support on MSMEs’ Business Resilience. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review, 10(3), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.3(3)
[33] Martin, F. M., Ciovica, L., & Cristescu, M. P. (2013). Implication of Human Capital in the Development of SMEs through the ICT Adoption. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 748–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00198-6
[34] McAdam, M., Crowley, C., & Harrison, R. T. (2019). “To boldly go where no [man] has gone before” - Institutional voids and the development of women’s digital entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.051
[35] Olamide, A., & Ogbechie, R. (2021). Social capital and business performance: a study of female-owned SMEs in the Nigerian informal sector. Small Enterprise Research, 28(2), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.1901140
[36] Orser, B., Coleman, S., & Li, Y. (2020). Progress or pinkwashing: who benefits from digital women-focused capital funds? Small Business Economics, 55(2), 363–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00302-1
[37] Orser, B., Riding, A., & Li, Y. (2019). Technology adoption and gender-inclusive entrepreneurship education and training. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-02-2019-0026
[38] Pergelova, A., Manolova, T., Simeonova-Ganeva, R., & Yordanova, D. (2019). Democratizing Entrepreneurship? Digital Technologies and the Internationalization of Female-Led SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 14–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12494
[39] Phonthanukitithaworn, C., Srisathan, W. A., Ketkaew, C., & Naruetharadhol, P. (2023). Sustainable Development towards Openness SME Innovation: Taking Advantage of Intellectual Capital, Sustainable Initiatives, and Open Innovation. Sustainability, 15(3), 2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032126
[40] Ren, Z., Fu, Z., & Zhong, K. (2022). The influence of social capital on farmers’ green control technology adoption behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001442
[41] Roffia, P., & Mola, L. (2022). Is COVID-19 enough? Which underestimated conditions characterise the adoption of complex information infrastructures in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 144, 1249–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.083
[42] Santos, S. C., Liguori, E. W., & Garvey, E. (2023). How digitalization reinvented entrepreneurial resilience during COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122398
[43] Schiopu, I. (2015). Technology adoption, human capital formation and income differences. Journal of Macroeconomics, 45, 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2015.05.009
[44] Shamaki, H., Ibrahim, U. A., & Philemon, N. A. (2022). Evaluating the Influence of Digital Technology on the Performance of Female-Owned Enterprises in Nigeria. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.12.pp39-60
[45] Skare, M., & Blažević Burić, S. (2022). Technology adoption and human capital: exploring the gender and cross-country impact 1870–2010. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 34(10), 1170-1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1948988
[46] Stanković, S., Vujičić, S., & Radović-Marković, M. (2023). Using Structural Equation Modeling in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Internal and External Factors and Women Entrepreneurs’ Success. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.12.pp167-187
[47] Tamvada, J. P., Narula, S., Audretsch, D., Puppala, H., & Kumar, A. (2022). Adopting new technology is a distant dream? The risks of implementing Industry 4.0 in emerging economy SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 185, 122088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122088
[48] Ullah, H., Wang, Z., Mohsin, M., Jiang, W., & Abbas, H. (2022). Multidimensional perspective of green financial innovation between green intellectual capital on sustainable business: the case of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(4), 5552–5568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15919-7
[49] Zeleke, B. D., Geleto, A. K., Asefa, S., & Komicha, H. H. (2023). The role of social capital in addressing seed access constraints and adoption intensity: Evidence from Arsi Highland, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9(2), e13553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13553
[50] Zheng, Q., Gu, D., Liang, C., & Fang, Y. (2020). Impact of a firm’s physical and knowledge capital intensities on its selection of a cloud computing deployment model. Information and Management, 57(7), 103259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103259