Formative Factors for Entrepreneurial Motivation of Women Entrepreneurs of Jammu and Kashmir in India: A Case of Binary Logistic
Main Article Content
Abstract
Various dimensions of entrepreneurship are being explored, among women and men, of both developing and developed nations. Innovative entrepreneurship has acquired an indispensable place in the regional development of the nations, but subsistence entrepreneurship is widespread in developing nations like India. It is even prevalent, where innovative entrepreneurship is not common. Hence, the determinants of entrepreneurial motivation also vary at both levels of entrepreneurship.
This study uses binary logistic regression to explore the impact of various independent variables on the motivation of the 405 women entrepreneurs of the state of Jammu & Kashmir in India. The empirical analysis reveals that only eight out of fifteen variables used are significant in motivating women entrepreneurs. Hence, we propose a model to incorporate insignificant factors, innovativeness and risk-taking into the formative factors of entrepreneurial motivation to upgrade the scenario of entrepreneurship from mere subsistence to innovative so as to ensure regional development.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[2] Bates, Timothy. 1998. “Survival patterns among newcomers to franchising”. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(2): 113-130.
[3] Bates, Timothy., and Servon, Lisa. 2000. “Viewing self-employment as a response to lack of suitable opportunities for wage work”. National Journal of Sociology, 12(2): 23-55.
[4] Bayineni, Srinivasulu. 2005. “The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development”. The IUP Journal of Managerial Economics, 3(4): 39-45.
[5] Blaise, Roger., and Toulouse, Jean. 1990. “National, regional or world patterns of entrepreneurial motivation”. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 7(2): 3-20.
[6] Blanchflower, David. 2004. “Self-employment: More may not be better” (No. w10286). National Bureau of Economic Research.
[7] Blawatt, Ken. 1995. “Entrepreneurship in Estonia: Profiles of entrepreneurs”. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(2): 74.
[8] Davidsson, Per., and Wiklund, Johan. 2006. “Conceptual and empirical challenges in the study of firm growth”. Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms, 39-61.
[9] Eijdenberg, Emiel., & Maurel, Enno. 2013. “Entrepreneurial motivation in a least developed country: Push factors and pull factors among MSEs in Uganda”. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 21(1).
[10] Evans, David., and Jovanovic, Boyan. 1989. “An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints”. The Journal of Political Economy, 808-827.
[11] Fairlie, Robert., and Robb, Alicia. 2007. “Families, human capital, and small business: Evidence from the characteristics of business owners’ survey”. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 60(2): 225-245.
[12] Grilo, Isabel., and Thurik, Roy. 2008. “Determinants of entrepreneurial engagement levels in Europe and the US”. Industrial and Corporate Change, 17(6): 1113-1145.
[13] Herron, Lanny., and Robinson, Richard. 1993. “A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance”. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3): 281-294.
[14] Hout, Michael., and Rosen, Harvey. 2000. “Self-employment, family background and race”. Journal of Human Resources, 35(4): 670-692.
[15] Kihlstrom, Richard., and Laffont, Jacques. 1979. “A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion”. The Journal of Political Economy, 719-748.
[16] Koellinger, Phillip., and Thurik, Roy. 2012. “Entrepreneurship and the business cycle”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(4): 1143-1156.
[17] Krishna, Murali. 2013. “Entrepreneurial Motivation A Case Study of Small Scale Entrepreneurs In Mekelle, Ethiopia”. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(1): 1-6.
[18] Laura, Galloway., and Robbie, Mochrie. 2006. “Entrepreneurial motivation, orientation and realization in rural economies: a study of rural Scotland”. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 7(3): 173-183.
[19] Manimala, Mathew., and Pearson, Alan. 1998. “Entrepreneurial motivation revisited”. Entrepreneurship Theory at the Crossroads: Paradigms and Praxis, 14: 303-328.
[20] Mitchell, Blythe. 2004. “Motives of entrepreneurs: A case study of South Africa”. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(2): 167-183.
[21] Morales, Silvia., Gracia., Gutierrez., and Dobon, Roig. 2009. “The entrepreneurial motivation in academia: a multidimensional construct”. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 5(3): 301-317.
[22] Oosterbeek, Hessel. 2010. “The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation”. European Economic Review, 54(3): 442-454.
[23] Reynolds, Paul., and Curtin, Richard. 2008. “Business creation in the United States: Panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics II initial assessment”. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 4(3): 155-307.
[24] Robichaud, Yves., Mcgraw, Egbert., and Alain, Roger. 2001. “Toward the Development of a Measuring Instrument for Entrepreneurial Motivation”. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6(1): 189-202.
[25] Sánchez, Virginia., and Sahuquillo, Ccarlos. 2012. “Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture”. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 18(2): 132-138.
[26] Segal, Gerry., Borgia., Dan., and Schoenfeld, Jerry. 2005. “The motivation to become an entrepreneur”. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1): 42-57.
[27] Shane, Scott., Locke., Edwin., and Collins, Christopher. 2003. “Entrepreneurial motivation”. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2): 257-279.
[28] Solesvik, Marina. 2013. “Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions: investigating the role of education major”. Education + Training, 55(3): 253 – 271.
[29] Taormina, Robert., and Lao, Sammi. 2007. “Measuring Chinese entrepreneurial motivation: Personality and environmental influences”. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 13(4): 200 – 221.
[30] Terjesen, Siri., and Szerb, Laszlo. 2008. “Dice thrown from the beginning? An empirical investigation of determinants of firm level growth expectations”. Estudios de Economía, 35(2): 153-178.
[31] Vijaya, Venkateshwaran., and Kamalanabhan, Thomas. 1998. “A scale to assess entrepreneurial motivation”. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 7(2): 183-198.