Why Women Enter into Entrepreneurship? An Emerging Conceptual Framework Based on the Peruvian Case
Article Sidebar
Published
Sep 27, 2017
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study identifies the various reasons why women become entrepreneurs, considering their life cycle and the factors that have encouraged them, using the qualitative paradigm based on case studies of twenty-four women entrepreneurs in Peru. The research identified six profiles according to the different routes by which women choose entrepreneurship: Young Women with Employment Options, Growing Women with External Constraints, Consolidated Women with a Trunked Career, Natural Young Women, Growing Women, and Consolidated Professional Women. The findings proposed that women entrepreneurs are not a homogeneous group, considering a sole dimension to understand why women become entrepreneurs is an inadequate simplification.
Article Details
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[1] Allen, S., & Truman, C. (1993). Women in business: Perspectives on women entrepreneurs. London: Routledge Press.
[2] Bennett, R., & Dann, S. (2000). The changing experience of Australian female entrepreneurs. Australian Female Entrepreneurs, 7(2), 75-83.
[3] Brush, C., (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 5-30.
[4] Brush, C., & Bird, B. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 41-66.
[5] Buttner, E., & Moore, D. (1997). Women’s organizational exodus to entrepreneurship: Self-reported motivations. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1), 34-46.
[6] Carter, S., & Cannon, T. (1992). Women as entrepreneurs. London: Academic Press.
[7] Creswell, J. (2003). Rresearch design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[8] Echeverri-Carroll, E., & Brandazza, D. (2002, abril). Empresarias decididas, Women entrepreneurs in the Americas. Texas Business Review. Retrieved on December 15, 2003 from http://www.stexas.edu/depts/bbr/tbr
[9] Feng, Y. (2005). Study of societal cultural impact on HRM practices in business organizations: The case of China. Maastricht, The Netherlands: Maastricht School of Management.
[10] Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine Publising Company.
[11] Goffee, R., & Scase, R. (1985). Women in charge: The experiences of female entrepreneurs. London: George Allen & Unwin.
[12] Hisrich, R. (1986). The woman entrepreneur: a comparative analysis. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 7(2), 8-16.
[13] Hisrich, R., & Ayse Öztürk, S. (1999). Women entrepreneurs in a developing economy. Journal of Management Development, 38(2), 114-124.
[14] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1984). The woman entrepreneur: Management skills and business problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 22(1), 30-37.
[15] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1986). The woman entrepreneur: Starting, financing and managing a successful new business. Toronto, Canada: Lexington Books, D. C. Heath and Company.
[16] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1991). Antecedent influences on women-owned businesses. Journal of Management Psychology, 2(2), 9-16.
[17] Hisrich, R., & Fan, Z. (1991). Women entrepreneurs in the People’s Republic of China, an exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 6(3), 3-12.
[18] Hisrich, R., & Fulop, G. (1994). The role of women entrepreneurs in Hungary’s transition economy. International Studies of Management & Organization, 24(4), 100-118.
[19] Hisrich, R., & O’Brien, M. (1981). The woman entrepreneur from a business and sociological perspective. InVesper, K. H. (Ed.), Frontiers on Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 21-39). Wellesley, MA: Babson College Center for Entrepreneurship.
[20] Hisrich, R., & O’Brien, M. (1982). The woman entrepreneur as a reflection of the type of business. InVesper, K. H. (Ed.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 54-67). Wellesley, MA: Babson College Center for Entrepreneurship.
[21] Inman, K. (2000). Women´s resources in business start-up, a study of black and white women entrepreneurs. New York: Garland Publishing.
[22] Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2006). Censo 2005: X de población – V de vivienda. [Data File]. Lima, Perú: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.
[23] Kantis, H., Ishida, M., & Komori, M. (2002). Empresarialidad en economías emergentes: Creación y desarrollo de nuevas empresas en América Latina y el Este del Asia. Nueva York: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
[24] Lee, J. (1996). The motivation of women entrepreneurs in Singapore. Women in Management Review, 11(2), 18-29.
[25] Lee-Gosselin, H., & Grisé, J. (1990, abril/mayo). Are women owner-managers challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth survey. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(4), 423-433.
[26] Maxwell, J. (1996). Qualitative research design: An integrative approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[27] Minniti, M., Arenius, P., & Langowitz, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2004 report on women and entrepreneurship. Retrieved on January 10, 2006 from http://www.gemconsortium.org//download.asp?id=478
[28] Mitchell, B. (2004). Motives of entrepreneurs: A case study of South Africa. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 167-193.
[29] Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.
[30] Neider, L. (1987). A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida. Journal of Small Business Management, 25(3), 22-28.
[31] Orhan, M., & Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: An exploratory model. Journal of Management Review, 16(5/6), 232-242.
[32] Schwartz, E. (1976). Entrepreneurship: A new female frontier. Journal of Contemporary Business, 5(1), 47-76.
[33] Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[34] Weeks, J., & Seiler, D. (2001). Women’s entrepreneurship in Latin America: An exploration of current knowledge. Retrieved on December 10, 2003 from Inter-American Development Bank from web: http://www.iadb.org/publications/
[35] Yin, R. (2003). Case study research: Concepts and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[36] Zapalska, A. (1997). A profile of woman entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4), 76-82
[2] Bennett, R., & Dann, S. (2000). The changing experience of Australian female entrepreneurs. Australian Female Entrepreneurs, 7(2), 75-83.
[3] Brush, C., (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 5-30.
[4] Brush, C., & Bird, B. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 41-66.
[5] Buttner, E., & Moore, D. (1997). Women’s organizational exodus to entrepreneurship: Self-reported motivations. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1), 34-46.
[6] Carter, S., & Cannon, T. (1992). Women as entrepreneurs. London: Academic Press.
[7] Creswell, J. (2003). Rresearch design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[8] Echeverri-Carroll, E., & Brandazza, D. (2002, abril). Empresarias decididas, Women entrepreneurs in the Americas. Texas Business Review. Retrieved on December 15, 2003 from http://www.stexas.edu/depts/bbr/tbr
[9] Feng, Y. (2005). Study of societal cultural impact on HRM practices in business organizations: The case of China. Maastricht, The Netherlands: Maastricht School of Management.
[10] Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine Publising Company.
[11] Goffee, R., & Scase, R. (1985). Women in charge: The experiences of female entrepreneurs. London: George Allen & Unwin.
[12] Hisrich, R. (1986). The woman entrepreneur: a comparative analysis. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 7(2), 8-16.
[13] Hisrich, R., & Ayse Öztürk, S. (1999). Women entrepreneurs in a developing economy. Journal of Management Development, 38(2), 114-124.
[14] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1984). The woman entrepreneur: Management skills and business problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 22(1), 30-37.
[15] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1986). The woman entrepreneur: Starting, financing and managing a successful new business. Toronto, Canada: Lexington Books, D. C. Heath and Company.
[16] Hisrich, R., & Brush, C. (1991). Antecedent influences on women-owned businesses. Journal of Management Psychology, 2(2), 9-16.
[17] Hisrich, R., & Fan, Z. (1991). Women entrepreneurs in the People’s Republic of China, an exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 6(3), 3-12.
[18] Hisrich, R., & Fulop, G. (1994). The role of women entrepreneurs in Hungary’s transition economy. International Studies of Management & Organization, 24(4), 100-118.
[19] Hisrich, R., & O’Brien, M. (1981). The woman entrepreneur from a business and sociological perspective. InVesper, K. H. (Ed.), Frontiers on Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 21-39). Wellesley, MA: Babson College Center for Entrepreneurship.
[20] Hisrich, R., & O’Brien, M. (1982). The woman entrepreneur as a reflection of the type of business. InVesper, K. H. (Ed.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 54-67). Wellesley, MA: Babson College Center for Entrepreneurship.
[21] Inman, K. (2000). Women´s resources in business start-up, a study of black and white women entrepreneurs. New York: Garland Publishing.
[22] Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2006). Censo 2005: X de población – V de vivienda. [Data File]. Lima, Perú: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.
[23] Kantis, H., Ishida, M., & Komori, M. (2002). Empresarialidad en economías emergentes: Creación y desarrollo de nuevas empresas en América Latina y el Este del Asia. Nueva York: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
[24] Lee, J. (1996). The motivation of women entrepreneurs in Singapore. Women in Management Review, 11(2), 18-29.
[25] Lee-Gosselin, H., & Grisé, J. (1990, abril/mayo). Are women owner-managers challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth survey. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(4), 423-433.
[26] Maxwell, J. (1996). Qualitative research design: An integrative approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[27] Minniti, M., Arenius, P., & Langowitz, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2004 report on women and entrepreneurship. Retrieved on January 10, 2006 from http://www.gemconsortium.org//download.asp?id=478
[28] Mitchell, B. (2004). Motives of entrepreneurs: A case study of South Africa. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 167-193.
[29] Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.
[30] Neider, L. (1987). A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida. Journal of Small Business Management, 25(3), 22-28.
[31] Orhan, M., & Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: An exploratory model. Journal of Management Review, 16(5/6), 232-242.
[32] Schwartz, E. (1976). Entrepreneurship: A new female frontier. Journal of Contemporary Business, 5(1), 47-76.
[33] Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[34] Weeks, J., & Seiler, D. (2001). Women’s entrepreneurship in Latin America: An exploration of current knowledge. Retrieved on December 10, 2003 from Inter-American Development Bank from web: http://www.iadb.org/publications/
[35] Yin, R. (2003). Case study research: Concepts and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[36] Zapalska, A. (1997). A profile of woman entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4), 76-82