Prospects and Challenges for Female Leaders from the Balkans
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to show the position of female leaders in business and political spheres in Serbia and surrounding countries. Women fought for their equality in society in the early 21st century, but not so successfully in some countries of Eastern Europe. The Parliaments of several EU member states have almost equal number of men and women (Finland, Sweden, Iceland), while Bosnia and Herzegovina has about 17% of female MPs. This problem is present not just in the political but also in the business sphere. The paper specifies the reasons such as traditional attitude and mentality of the Balkan people as well as the lack of trust that women can coordinate a group of people and act as leaders in society. The literature review shows that other authors explain it by inadequate implementation of the Strategy on Gender Equality and Government’s inability to solve the problem.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[2] Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2012. http://www.bhas.ba/tematskibilteni/TB_zene_i_muskarci_bh_2015_eng.pdf (accessed February 2, 2016)
[3] Ajduković, G. 2007. “Liderstvo u zemljama tranzicije: Lideri i liderstvo viđeni očima ljudi iz Srbije.” Zbornik radova, FTB, Belgrade, Serbia.
[4] Bennis, W.G. & Nanus, B. 1985. Leaders: the strategies for taking charge, Harper and Row, New York, USA.
[5] Burns, J.M. 2003. Transforming Leadership: A New Pursuit of Happiness. New York: Grove Press, USA.
[6] Carter, D.A., Simkins, B.J. and Simpson, W.G. 2003. “Corporate Governance, Board Diversity and Firm Value”, The Financial Review, 38:33-53.
[7] Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development of Montenegro. 2015. http://www.ceed-consulting.com/ (accessed February 15, 2016)
[8] Centre for American Women and Politics. 2015. http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/women-political-appointees (accessed February 18, 2016)
[9] Davison, H. K., & Burke, M. J. 2000. “Sex discrimination in simulated employment contexts: A meta-analytic investigation.” Journal of Vocational Behaviour, vol. 56, pp. 213-225.
[10] Đulić, K, & Kuzman, T. 2013. Žene u odborim adirektora u Bosni i Hercegovini, BJR Makedoniji i Srbiji. Međunarodna finansijska korporacija, Fakultet za ekonomiju, finansije i administraciju (FEFA), Belgrade, Serbia.
[11] Glomazić, H. 2011. “Liderske Karakteristike I Poslovna Uspešnost”. Antropologija 11, Odeljenje za andragogiju, Filozovski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia.
[12] Hunt, J. G. 1991. “Leadership: A New Synthesis”. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
[13] Institute of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2009. http://www.bhas.ba/tematskibilteni/TB_zene_i_muskarci_bh_2015_eng.pdf (accessed February 15, 2016)
[14] International Labour Organization Statistics. 2015. http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/lang--en/index.htm (accessed February 15, 2016)
[15] Inter-parliamentary Union Statistics 2015 http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm (accessed February 15, 2016)
[16] Jacobs, T. O., & Jaques, E. 1990. “Military executive leadership”. In K. E. Clark and M. B. Clark (Eds.), “Measures of leadership”. West Orange, New Jersey: Leadership Library of America, pp 281-295.
[17] Jevtić, M.. 2007. Liderstvo u promenama. Zadužbina Andrejević, Belgrade, Serbia.
[18] Krishnan, H. and Park, D. 2005. “A few good women-on top management teams”, Journal of Business Research, 58:1712-1720.
[19] Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2009. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/womenrights/bosnia.equality.03.pdf (accessed February 15, 2016)
[20] Law on Gender Equality in Montenegro, 2003, file:///C:/Users/pc2012/Downloads/Zakon%20o%20rodnoj%20ravnopravnosti.pdf (accessed February 11, 2016)
[21] Mašnić, J. 2011. „Osobine ličnosti kao odrednice stave o ženama u poziciji lidera u Crnoj Gori.“ Psihološka istraživanja, XIV(1): 85–98.
[22] Progress of the world’s women, UN. 2015. Retrieved from http://www2.unwomen.org/ (accessed February 15, 2016)
[23] Quick Take: Women on Boards, ILO. 2015. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_334882.pdf (accessed February 15, 2016)
[24] Statistical Office of FYR Macedonia. 2013. http://www.stat.gov.mk/ (accessed February 15, 2016)
[25] The national strategy for improving the position of women and promoting gender equality. 2009. http://www.mgsi.gov.rs/lat/dokumenti/nacrt-zakona-o-rodnoj-ravnopravnosti (accessed February 5, 2016)
[26] UNW Progress Report, United Nations. 2015. http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf (accessed February 10, 2016)
[27] World Bank Statistics. 2015. http://data.worldbank.org/(accessed February 15, 2016)
[28] Yukl, G. 1989. “Managerial Leadership: A Review of Theory and Research“, Journal of Management, 15: 54-67.
[29] Bullough, A, Kroeck, K.G. & Renko, M. (2012). “Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship.” Small Bus Econ (2012) 39:667–684.